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Izindiza ezizimele aziseyona insizakalo yokunethezeka yombuthano we-oligarchic, njengoba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule, inani lezindiza ezisuka eVnukovo (izindiza ezingama-90% zezindiza ezihamba ngamabhizinisi eziqhutshwa kulesi sikhumulo sezindiza eRussia) selikhule ngokuphindwe kasithupha.
Konke lokhu kwaqala ngama-akhawunti akho kumawebhusayithi wabathengi kanye nefomu loku-oda, elanikezwa njengenye indlela yokubhuka ngocingo (yize ingxoxo eqinile ngaleso sikhathi yayisagcinwa ngocingo). Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela izicelo ezingaphezu kweshumi zoku-oda ama “jets” nge-Intanethi. Cishe eminyakeni emithathu edlule, igagasi ledijithali lafika eRussia.
Kodwa ushintsho main kuthinte ukwakheka izilaleli. Ku-2017, ngokwezibalo ze- “Charter Yakho”, kuze kufike ku-15% wezindiza ezizimele eziqale ukubalwa ngabantu okwakunzima ukubacabanga besendizeni eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule.
Muva nje, abezindaba baxoxe ngokufudumele ngendaba yomsunguli wensizakalo yeRocketbank, u-Oleg Kozyrev, ofike emhlanganweni no-realtor ukuzohlola ifulethi eliseduze nesiteshi sikamasipala waseKropotkinskaya eMoscow, eliqashelwe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ambalwa. UKozyrev ufike egqoke ijini nejezi, nentombi yakhe efake amateki anamagama athi “Hey baby”, kanti umthengisi wezindlu akazange abavumele nokuthi bangene efulethini, eshaya umnyango phambi kwabo. Ngokuvamile, abantu abanjengo-Oleg Kozyrev (kunjalo, angikhulumi ngaye ngqo, asikwazi ukubiza amaklayenti ngamagama abo) manje abagcini ngokuqasha izindlu ezikhethekile, kepha futhi bahamba ngezindiza ezizimele, nabathengisi bomoya, ngokungafani nabathengisi bezindlu, amaklayenti awamangali.
Isizukulwane esisha sosomabhizinisi
Ngama-2010s, kwabonakala kakhulu eRussia ukuthi isigaba sabantu abacebile sasinwebiseka kanjani. Manje imali ingatholwa ngokushesha, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu – akudingeki ukuthi usebenze kanzima impilo yakho yonke njengakuqala, ngakho-ke izilaleli zebhizinisi lezindiza ziya ngokuya zincane futhi, ngokwesibonelo, bayazihlanganisa nababhange begagasi elisha. Asikhulumi ngabaphathi abaphezulu bezinhlangano ezinkulu zezezimali, njenge-Alfa-Bank (lezi kade zindiza) noma iGazprom (ngokuvamile zinemikhumbi yazo yezindiza). Kunomthala wonke wosomabhizinisi abathi ngeminyaka yama-2000 bavule amaphrojekthi ahlobene nalokho okubizwa nge-IT banking, noma izinhlelo zamakhadi. Manje ibhizinisi lenzekile, futhi bavuna izithelo zomsebenzi wabo.
Umkhakha ofanayo uhlanganisa abagibeli bezindiza baseRussia, abake batshale imali kumaphrojekthi we-IT futhi basaqhubeka nokutshala imali, kepha bahlala e-Europe. Bahamba njalo ngezindiza ezizimele ngaphakathi kweYurophu, zisuka eYurophu ziye eRussia nasemuva. Ingxenye entsha ethokozisayo ngabadlali bamageyimu. Baqala nokusebenzisa amajethi azimele: uma iqembu labadlali be-e-sports libalekela emqhudelwaneni onephuzu lomklomelo elingama- $ 10 million, khona-ke bangakwazi ukukhokhela kalula i-charter yohambo lokuya nokubuya, basebenzise ama- € 30,000- € 50,000, thina qaphela ngokwenza.
Ukuba khona kwe-Intanethi ebhodini sekuyimpoqo. Phambilini, besizama ukubuka ama-movie online, manje ukuxhumana kuyadingeka ikakhulu emsebenzini – wezithunywa ezisheshayo neziteshi zezindaba. Futhi yize kubiza kakhulu (esifundeni esingu- $ 9 nge-megabyte ngayinye), abagibeli kabanqeni. Elinye lamakhasimende ethu okuqala, usomabhizinisi omkhulu waseRussia, wafuna ukuba khona kwe-Intanethi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kubiza malini, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kube umkhuba ocacile. Wayevame ukundiza aye e-United States, wayehlala ethintana, futhi intela ye-Intanethi ezindizeni yabalwa ezinkulungwaneni zama-euro. Kamuva kwavela ukuthi lo mgibeli waba ngomunye wabanikazi bamasheya e-Facebook nezinye izikhulu ezinkulu ze-IT, i-Intanethi yaba yithuluzi lokutshala imali kuye.
Ngemuva kwenkinga ka-2014, besilindele ukuthi imakethe iwe, kepha ngenxa yamakhasimende amasha, ayizange icwile. Kodwa-ke, ngokwezimali, ivolumu yalo yehlile. Izintengo zezindiza zehle cishe ngama-20% kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2010. Isizathu ukuthi abathengisi bezindiza abathengisa izindiza sebebe nomncintiswano wentengo. Kepha uma ubheka, bekungabagibeli be-IT ababa nomthelela emncintiswaneni wamanani.
Ama-jet wabathengisi abazimele
Ukukhuluma iqiniso, akukho lutho olunzima ebhizinisini labathengisi. Cishe ama-90% wawo wonke amashadi abhukwa ngeplathifomu eyodwa yamazwe omhlaba i-Avinode. Ukuqala, kwanele ukufunda ukuthi ungayisingatha kanjani ngokusebenzisana nomunye wabashintshi abakhona, bese uvule i-LLC bese uthi wena ungumdayiseli ngokwakho, ngakho-ke manje kunabathengisi bomoya abangama-50 eRussia, kufaka phakathi ama-loners nezinkampani lapho zisebenza khona inqwaba yabantu. Ingxenye enzima kunazo zonke izoqala ngokuqhubekayo: usomabhizinisi udinga ukubheka amaklayenti, futhi le nqubo ibilokhu isuselwa ekuxhumaneni komuntu nokwethembeka. Abadayisi babekwazi ukuncintisana ngentengo ngaphambili, kepha uma ngaphambili leli qhinga lingazange lithele izithelo, khona-ke muva nje laqala ukusebenza.
Amakhasimende amadala ayevame uku-oda amajets ngokusebenzisa umsizi, kuyilapho labo somabhizinisi be-IT bezibiza kanjalo, baziqonde ngokwabo izindiza futhi bahlobana nensizakalo kalula: “Unayo indiza engaka? Yimalini? Asihambe! “. Lawa maklayenti abonile ukuthi le sevisi ayikhethekile futhi aqala ukufuna ukuthi ishibhile. Ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu, kunjalo, busadlala indima, kepha iklayenti lingashintsha kalula umthengisi futhi lithole intengo engcono kakhulu.
Isikhathi semikhawulo ephezulu sesidlulile futhi isikhathi sobuchwepheshe sesifikile. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi, kwaqalwa ngaphezulu kokuqalwa kwe-IT kwe-IT, okwethulwa ngabathengisi. I-Aviaplaza, Aviadome, Charter Luxury, Flight List Pro, FlyEasy, Fly Victor, JetHunter, Jetsmarter, Jetonair, Stratejet – futhi lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele. Zonke, ngandlela thile, zidlala izingxenye ezimbili: uku-oda i-jet ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi noma uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula nokunciphisa intengo ngenxa yemodeli yasekuqaleni yebhizinisi.
Isibonelo, i-JetHunter yokuqala yaseRussia (iForbes ibhale ngayo ngokuningiliziwe, kepha okwamanje isevisi isivele ingasekho) ikhiphe ipulatifomu lapho abagibeli babhuka khona izindiza, ngemuva kwalokho izindiza zilwela amakhasimende ngefomethi ye-enduction yokwehla. Umbono awuzange usebenze, futhi ukuqala kwenze ipivot futhi kwaqala ukuthengisa izindiza ze-Empty Legs. Leli yigama lezindiza ezindiza esezihambise iklayenti lapho ziya khona futhi zibuye zingenalutho esikhumulweni sezindiza sokuhamba.
Manje ukuqala kokuqala kobuchwepheshe kwezindiza zebhizinisi kuzama ukudlala ekuthengisweni kweMilenze Engenalutho. Kukhona ngisho nezindiza ezinikela ngokubhuka kwezindiza online futhi zinikela ngemilenze engenalutho ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi yazo kuphela, ngisho nasezimalini zobulungu. Lokhu kwenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, yinkampani yezindiza iVistaJet, imodeli yayo yebhizinisi efana nento efana neklabhu evaliwe yabagibeli abonga.
Iphrojekthi yethu i-GetJet, esiyethule yabahlanganyeli bemakethe abaqeqeshiwe – ama-brokers kanye nama-ejensi wezokuvakasha, ibuye isebenzise umqondo wokonga, kodwa ngendlela ehluke kancane. Uhlelo luhlanganisa ngokuzenzakalela izindiza ezi-odiwe ezinhlangothini ezihlukile. Umsebenzi wawo ukuvimbela ukuvela kweMilenze engenalutho futhi wehlise ngokushesha izindleko zazo zombili izindiza – indiza yendiza iye kwesinye isikhumulo sezindiza nokubuyela kwayo. Uma lokhu kwehluleka, uhlelo lubheka umlenze ongenalutho ojwayelekile.
Isiko lenkonzo
Kodwa-ke, kusenzima ukunquma ukuthi imuphi umodeli webhizinisi ozosuka bese kuvela ukuthi ithandwa kakhulu. Okubanjwayo wukuthi abantu abavela embonini ye-IT, yize bebeka ithoni emakethe, baseseyingcosana. Ingxenye yesithathu kuphela yabagibeli bejet manje esekulungele ukusebenzisa izicelo eziku-inthanethi, kanti abanye basafuna ukuxoxa ngezindiza ngabasizi. Noma kunjalo, izinguquko zangempela zizoqala maduzane.
Osomabhizinisi abancane be-IT “banyakazise” abathengisi bezindiza, manje “sishukumisa” bonke abanye abagibeli bezindiza zebhizinisi futhi siheha abasha. UJetHunter uzame ukudlulisela kumajethi, kufaka phakathi abagibeli besigaba sebhizinisi, ngokwethula umkhankaso ohlanganyelwe ne-Aviasales. Okunye ukuqala, iJetSmarter, yethule umkhankaso obanzi wokukhangisa omema abezindaba (umrepha uJay-Z uphakathi kwabaninimasheya balokhu kuqalisa), enikela “ngokubamba” izindiza zamahhala ezindizeni ze-Empty Legs. Eminyakeni emihlanu, abanye bethu bazogcina beqine njengomdlali njengo-Uber emakethe yamatekisi.
Elinye lamakhasimende ethu aphezulu (afakwe kuma-Forbes aphezulu angama-50) livumile ukuthi umuzwa wobukhethekile nokukhetheka ekushayeleni izindiza kudala wahamba, futhi nokuba khona kwabanye abagibeli, uma kwehlisa izindleko zendiza, ngeke kumhlaze . Esikhundleni salokho, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuzoba mnandi kakhulu ukuxoxa nosomabhizinisi omusha wegagasi endizeni uma kwenzeka kungumuntu ohamba naye.
Alexander Koninsky
Umthombo: Forbes
